Western Europe.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGENERATION, AN ONGOING DISCOURSE (WESTERN) EUROPE, GERMANY

The Influence of Modern Western Philosophers on Iqbāl

Muhammad Iqbal’s cultural, literary, and philosophical influence on the Indian subcontinent, especially his impact on the events that led to the birth of the state of Pakistan cannot be denied.  Prior to visiting Europe, Iqbāl had gained profound understanding of Islamic teachings.  While in Europe, he acquired deep knowledge of Western scholarship and was also exposed to Western philosophical ...

Around the Tables – Contextual Factors in Healthcare Coverage Decisions Across Western Europe

Background Across Western Europe, procedures and formalised criteria for taking decisions on the coverage (inclusion in the benefits basket or equivalent) of healthcare technologies vary substantially. In the decision documents, which display the justification of, the rationale for, these decisions, national healthcare institutes ma...

تمایزهای گفتمانی راست افراطی در جغرافیای غرب با تاکید بر جایگاه مسلمانان

Why and how intensification of the activities of extreme right-wing groups in the West has become a major issue in security studies in recent years. Despite the differences in the activities of these groups in the two geographies of Western Europe and North America as the main focal points of Western civilization, the available evidence suggests that the greatest opposition to Islam and Muslims...

One-year mortality of HIV-positive patients treated for rifampicin- and isoniazid-susceptible tuberculosis in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Latin America.

OBJECTIVES The high mortality among HIV/tuberculosis (TB) coinfected patients in Eastern Europe is partly explained by the high prevalence of drug-resistant TB. It remains unclear whether outcomes of HIV/TB patients with rifampicin/isoniazid-susceptible TB in Eastern Europe differ from those in Western Europe or Latin America. METHODS One-year mortality of HIV-positive patients with rifampici...

Crop Management as an Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Early Modern Era: A Comparative Study of Eastern and Western Europe

Effective adaptation determines agricultural vulnerability to climate change, especially in the pre-industrial era. Crop management as an agricultural adaptation to climate change in recent human history, however, has rarely been systematically evaluated. Using Europe as our study area, we statistically compared yield ratio of wheat, rye, barley, and oats (an important performance indicator of ...